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Stained Glass Makes the Ceiling Visible

Organizational Opposition to Women in Congregational Leadership

Ohio State University

While women represent the vast majority of participants in religious organizations in the United States, their participation in top leadership positions within Christian congregations remains remarkably low. In this article, the author uses the National Congregations Study to examine the situations that lead to this "stained glass ceiling" effect, prohibiting women from attaining top congregational leadership positions. The author also investigates similar barriers that exist at other levels of congregational leadership. The results suggest that while a queue-like process appears, the specifically religious nature of these organizations produces barriers that are quite different from the traditional glass ceiling conceptualization.

Key Words: religion • church leadership • glass ceiling

Gender & Society, Vol. 21, No. 1, 80-105 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0891243206293773


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